Biological pest control of bark beetles
The traditional view of mutualism is one of a reciprocally beneficial interaction between two species. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that the distinction between mutualistic and parasitic interactions is far from clear and, also, that the nature of these relationships can vary for a single interaction. Moreover, although the net result of a mutualistic interaction must by definition be positive for the interacting species, these species usually also pay a price. For example, gut bacteria usually provide benefits to their host and, therefore, must be categorized as mutualistic, but the benefits come at a cost for the host. This explains why swine farmers add antibiotics to livestock feed (i.e. to suppress their gut flora).
Bark beetles are among the most destructive tree pests on the planet. Their symbiosis with fungi has consequently been studied extensively for more than a century. A recent study has identified actinomycete bacteria that are associated with the southern pine beetle and produce specific antibiotics against an antagonist of the beetles’ mutualistic fungus. In addition to highlighting the ecological complexity of bark-beetle-microbial symbioses, this work reveals a potential source of novel antibiotics.
Biological pest control in beetle agriculture. Trends Microbiol. Apr 16 2009
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Tags: Actinomycetes, Agriculture, Antibiotics, Bacteria, Biology, Biotechnology, Environment, Fungi, Microbiology, mutualism, Mycology, Science, symbiosis
