The Year 1975

  • South Vietnam collapses after U.S. troops are withdrawn.

  • Bill Gates and Paul Allen form a partnership known as Microsoft.

Evacuation of Saigon
Music: Queen, Bohemian Rhapsody (A Night At The Opera, 1975).

Bernard Moss, Aaron Shatkin and colleagues show that messenger RNA contains a specific nucleotide cap at its 5' end which affects correct processing during translation.
These discoveries in reovirus and vaccinia virus were subsequently found to apply to cellular mRNAs - a fundamental principle of eukaryotic cell biology. See how useful viruses are?

Georges Köhler

Georges Köhler and César Milstein isolate the first monoclonal antibodies from clones of cells selected in vitro to produce an antibody of a single specificity directed against a particular antigenic target.

This makes it possible to look not only at whole virus particles, but at specific regions - epitopes - of individual virus antigens (Nobel prize, 1984).

César Milstein

1973


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