MicrobiologyBytes: Virology: Taxonomy Updated: April 19, 2005 Search

Virus Taxonomy

The information in this document is drawn from:

CoverVirus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
H.V. Van Regenmortel, D.H.L. Bishop, M. H. Van Regenmortel, Claude M. Fauquet (Eds)

More than 5,450 viruses belonging to more than 2,000 species, 287 genera, 73 families and 3 orders are recognized in this report.
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Orthography: ("spelling conventions")
  • The names of virus orders, families, subfamilies, genera and species should be written in italics with the first letter capitalized.
  • Other words are not capitalized unless they are proper nouns, e.g. Tobacco mosaic virus, Poliovirus, Murray River encephalitis virus.
  • This format should only be used when official taxonomic entities are referred to - it is not possible to centrifuge the species Poliovirus for example, but it is possible to centrifuge poliovirus.
  • Italics and capitalization are not used for vernacular forms (e.g. rhinoviruses, c.f. the genus Rhinovirus), for acronyms (e.g. HIV-1), nor for adjectival usage (e.g. poliovirus polymerase).
  • M.H.V. Van Regenmortel: How to write the names of virus species. Arch.Virol. 144 (1999) 5, 1041-1042.
Group I: ds DNA | Group II: ss DNA | Group III: ds RNA | Group IV: (+)RNA | Group V: (-)RNA | Group VI: RNA-RT | Group VII: DNA-RT | Subviral Agents

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Group I: dsDNA Viruses

Order Caudovirales - Tailed Bacteriophages

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Myoviridae T4-like viruses Enterobacteria phage T4 Bacteria
P1-like viruses Enterobacteria phage P1 Bacteria
P2-like viruses Enterobacteria phage P2 Bacteria
Mu-like viruses Enterobacteria phage Mu Bacteria
SP01-like viruses Bacillus phage SP01 Bacteria
φH-like viruses Halobacterium virus φH Bacteria
Podoviridae T7-like viruses Enterobacteria phage T7 Bacteria
P22-like viruses Enterobacteria phage P22 Bacteria
φ29-like viruses Bacillus phage φ29 Bacteria
N4-like viruses Enterobacteria phage N4 Bacteria
Siphoviridae λ-like viruses Enterobacteria phage λ Bacteria
T1-like viruses Enterobacteria phage T1 Bacteria
T5-like viruses Enterobacteria phage T5 Bacteria
L5-like viruses Mycobacterium phage L5 Bacteria
c2-like viruses Lactococcus phage c2 Bacteria
ψM1-like viruses Methanobacterium virus ψM1 Bacteria
φC31-like viruses Streptomyces phage φC31 Bacteria
N15-like viruses Enterobacteria phage N15 Bacteria
Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Ascoviridae Ascovirus Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus Invertebrates
Adenoviridae Atadenovirus Ovine adenovirus D Vertebrates
Aviadenovirus Fowl adenovirus A Vertebrates
Mastadenovirus Human adenovirus C Vertebrates
Siadenovirus Frog adenovirus Vertebrates
Asfarviridae Asfivirus African swine fever virus Vertebrates
Baculoviridae Nucleopolyhedrovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus Invertebrates
Granulovirus Cydia pomonella granulovirus Invertebrates
Corticoviridae Corticovirus Alteromonas phage PM2 Bacteria
Fuselloviridae Fusellovirus Sulfolobus virus SSV1 Archaea
Guttaviridae Guttavirus Sulfolobus virus SNDV Archaea
Herpesviridae:

Ictalurivirus Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 Vertebrates
Alphaherpesvirinae
Mardivirus Gallid herpesvirus 2 Vertebrates
Simplexvirus Human herpesvirus 1 Vertebrates
Varicellovirus Human herpesvirus 3 Vertebrates
Iltovirus Gallid herpesvirus 1 Vertebrates
Betaherpesvirinae
 Cytomegalovirus Human herpesvirus 5 Vertebrates
Muromegalovirus Murine herpesvirus 1 Vertebrates
Roseolovirus Human herpesvirus 6 Vertebrates
Gammaherpesvirinae
 Lymphocryptovirus Human herpesvirus 4 Vertebrates
Rhadinovirus Simian herpesvirus 2 Vertebrates
Iridoviridae Iridovirus Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 Invertebrates
Chloriridovirus Invertebrate iridescent virus 3 Invertebrates
Ranavirus Frog virus 3 Vertebrates
Lymphocystivirus Lymphocystis disease virus 1 Vertebrates
Megalocytivirus Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus Vertebrates
Lipothrixviridae Alphalipothrixvirus Thermoproteus virus 1 Archaea
Betalipothrixvirus Sulfolobus mislandicus filamentous virus Archaea
Gammalipothrixvirus Acidianus filamentous virus 1 Archaea
Nimaviridae Whispovirus White spot syndrome virus 1 Invertebrates
Mimivirus
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus Protozoa, Vertebrates
Polyomaviridae Polyomavirus Simian virus 40 Vertebrates
Papillomaviridae Alphapapillomavirus Human papillomavirus 32 Vertebrates
Betapapillomavirus Human papillomavirus 5 Vertebrates
Gammapapillomavirus Human papillomavirus 4 Vertebrates
Deltapapillomavirus European elk papillomavirus Vertebrates
Epsilonpapillomavirus Bovin papillomavirus 5 Vertebrates
Zetapapillomavirus Equine papillomavirus 1 Vertebrates
Etapapillomavirus Fringilla coelebs papillomavirus Vertebrates
Thetapapillomavirus Psittacus erithacus timneh papillomavirus Vertebrates
Iotapapillomavirus Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus Vertebrates
Kappapapillomavirus Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus Vertebrates
Lambdapapillomavirus Canine oral papillomavirus Vertebrates
Mupapillomavirus Human papillomavirus 1 Vertebrates
Nupapillomavirus Human papillomavirus 41 Vertebrates
Xipapillomavirus Bovine papillomavirus 3 Vertebrates
Omikronpapillomavirus Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus Vertebrates
Pipapillomavirus Hamster oral papillomavirus Vertebrates
Phycodnaviridae Chlorovirus Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 Algae
Prasinovirus Micromonas pusilla virus SP1 Algae
Prymnesiovirus Chryosochromomulina brevifilium virus PW1 Algae
Phaeovirus Extocarpus siliculosus virus 1 Algae
Coccolithovirus Emiliania huxleyi virus 86 Algae
Raphidovirus Heterosigms akashiwo virus 01 Algae
Plasmaviridae Plasmavirus Acholeplasma phage L2 Mycoplasma
Polydnaviridae Ichnovirus Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus Invertebrates
Bracovirus Cotesia melanoscela brachovirus Invertebrates
Poxviridae:
Chordopoxvirinae
Orthopoxvirus Vaccinia virus Vertebrates
Parapoxvirus Orf virus Vertebrates
Avipoxvirus Fowlpox virus Vertebrates
Capripoxvirus Sheeppox virus Vertebrates
Leporipoxvirus Myxoma virus Vertebrates
Suipoxvirus Swinepox virus Vertebrates
Molluscipoxvirus Molluscum contagiosum virus Vertebrates
Yatapoxvirus Yaba monkey tumor virus Vertebrates
Entomopoxvirinae
 Entomopoxvirus A Melolontha melolontha entomopoxvirus Invertebrates
Entomopoxvirus B Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus Invertebrates
Entomopoxvirus C Chironomus luridus entomopoxvirus Invertebrates
Rhizidovirus
Rhizidomyces virus Fungi
Rudiviridae Rudivirus Sulfolobus virus SIRV1 Archaea
Tectiviridae Tectivirus Enterobacteria phage PRD1 Bacteria

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Group II: ssDNA Viruses

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Anellovirus
Torque teno virus Vertebrates
Circoviridae Circovirus Porcine circovirus Vertebrates
Gyrovirus Chicken anemia virus Vertebrates
Geminiviridae Mastrevirus Maize streak virus Plants
Curtovirus Beet curly top virus Plants
Topocuvirus Tomato pseudo-curly top virus Plants
Begomovirus Bean golden mosaic virus Plants
Inoviridae Inovirus Enterobacteria phage M13 Bacteria
Plectrovirus Acholeplasma phage MV-L51 Bacteria
Microviridae Microvirus Enterobacteria ØX174 Bacteria
Spiromicrovirus Spiroplasma phage 4 Spiroplasma
Bdellomicrovirus Bdellovibrio phage MAC1 Bacteria
Chlamydiamicrovirus Chlamydia phage 1 Bacteria
Nanoviridae Nanovirus Subterranean clover stunt virus Plants
Babuvirus Banana bunchy top virus Plants
Parvoviridae:

 

 
Parvovirinae
 Parvovirus Mice minute virus Vertebrates
Erythrovirus B19 virus Vertebrates
Dependovirus Adeno-associated virus 2 Vertebrates
Amdovirus Aleutian mink disease virus Vertebrates
Bocavirus Bovine parvovirus Vertebrates
Densovirinae
Densovirus Junonia coenia densovirus Invertebrates
Iteravirus Bombyx mori densovirus Invertebrates
Brevidensovirus Aedes aegypti densovirus Invertebrates
Pefudensovirus Periplanta fuliginosa densovirus Invertebrates

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Group III: dsRNA Viruses

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Birnaviridae Aquabirnavirus Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Vertebrates
Avibirnavirus Infectious bursal disease virus Vertebrates
Entomobirnavirus Drosophila X virus Invertebrates
Chrysoviridae Chrysovirus Penicillium chrysogenum virus Fungi
Cystoviridae Cystovirus Pseudomonas phage Ø6 Bacteria
Endornavirus
Vicia faba endornavirus Plants
Hypoviridae Hypovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1-EP713 Fungi
Partitiviridae Partitivirus Atkinsonella hypoxylon virus Fungi
Alphacryptovirus White clover cryptic virus 1 Plants
Betacryptovirus White clover cryptic virus 2 Plants
Reoviridae Orthoreovirus Mammalian orthoreovirus Vertebrates
Orbivirus Bluetongue virus Vertebrates
Rotavirus Rotavirus A Vertebrates
Coltivirus Colorado tick fever virus Vertebrates
Aquareovirus Golden shiner virus Vertebrates
Seadornavirus Banna virus Vertebrates
Cypovirus Cypovirus 1 Invertebrates
Idnoreovirus Idnoreovirus 1 Invertebrates
Fijivirus Fiji disease virus Plants
Phytoreovirus Wound tumor virus Plants
Oryzavirus Rice ragged stunt virus Plants
Mycoreovirus Mycoreovirus 1 Fungi
Totiviridae Totivirus Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A Fungi
Giardiavirus Giardia lamblia virus Protozoa
Leishmaniavirus Leishmania RNA virus 1-1 Protozoa

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Group IV: (+)sense RNA Viruses

Order Nidovirales - "Nested" Viruses

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Arteriviridae Arterivirus Equine arteritis virus Vertebrates
Coronaviridae Coronavirus Infectious bronchitis virus Vertebrates
Torovirus Equine torovirus Vertebrates
Roniviridae Okavirus Gill-associated virus Vertebrates
Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Astroviridae   Avastrovirus Turkey astrovirus Vertebrates
Mamastrovirus Human astrovirus Vertebrates
Barnaviridae Barnavirus Mushroom bacilliform virus Fungi
Benyvirus
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Plants
Bromoviridae Alfamovirus Alfalfa mosaic virus Plants
Bromovirus Brome mosaic virus Plants
Cucumovirus Cucumber mosaic virus Plants
Ilarvirus Tobacco streak virus Plants
Oleavirus Olive latent virus 2 Plants
Caliciviridae Lagovirus Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus Vertebrates
Norovirus Norwalk virus Vertebrates
Sapovirus Sapporo virus Vertebrates
Vesivirus Swine vesicular exanthema virus Vertebrates
Cheravirus
Cherry rasp leaf virus Plants
Closteroviridae Ampelovirus Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 Plants
Closterovirus Beet yellows virus Plants
Comoviridae Comovirus Cowpea mosaic virus Plants
Fabavirus Broad bean wilt virus 1 Plants
Nepovirus Tobacco ringspot virus Plants
Dicistroviridae Cripavirus Cricket paralysis virus Invertebrates
Flaviviridae Flavivirus Yellow fever virus Vertebrates
Pestivirus Bovine diarrhea virus 1 Vertebrates
Hepacivirus Hepatitis C virus Vertebrates
Flexiviridae Potexvirus Potato virus X Plants
Mandarivirus Indian citrus ringspot virus Plants
Allexivirus Shallot virus X Plants
Carlavirus Carnation latent virus Plants
Foveavirus Apple stem pitting virus Plants
Capillovirus Apple stem grooving virus Plants
Vitivirus Grapevine virus A Plants
Trichovirus Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus Plants
Furovirus
Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus Plants
Hepevirus
Hepatitis E virus Vertebrates
Hordeivirus
Barley stripe mosaic virus Plants
Idaeovirus
Rasberry bushy dwarf virus Plants
Iflavirus
Infectious flacherie virus Invertebrates
Leviviridae Levivirus Enterobacteria phage MS2 Bacteria
  Allolevivirus Enterobacteria phage Qβ Bacteria
Luteoviridae Luteovirus Cereal yellow dwarf virus-PAV Plants
Polerovirus Potato leafroll virus Plants
Enamovirus Pea enation mosaic virus-1 Plants
Machlomovirus
Maize chlorotic mottle virus Plants
Marnaviridae Marnavirus Heterosigma akashiwo RNA virus Fungi
Narnaviridae Narnavirus Saccharomyces cerevisiae narnavirus 20S Fungi
Mitovirus Cryphonectria parasitica mitovirus 1-NB631 Fungi
Nodaviridae Alphanodoavirus Nodamura virus Invertebrates
Betanodovirus Striped jack nervous necrosis virus Vertebrates
Pecluvirus
Peanut clump virus Plants
Ourmiavirus
Ourmia melon virus Plants
Picornaviridae Enterovirus Poliovirus Vertebrates
Rhinovirus Human rhinovirus A Vertebrates
Hepatovirus Hepatitis A virus Vertebrates
Cardiovirus Encephalomyocarditis virus Vertebrates
Aphthovirus Foot-and-mouth disease virus O Vertebrates
Parechovirus Human parechovirus Vertebrates
Erbovirus Equine rhinitis B virus Vertebrates
Kobuvirus Aichi virus Vertebrates
Teschovirus Porcine teschovirus Vertebrates
Pomovirus
Potato mop-top virus Plants
Potyviridae Potyvirus Potato virus Y Plants
Ipomovirus Sweet potato mild mottle virus Plants
Macluravirus Maclura mosaic virus Plants
Rymovirus Ryegrass mosaic virus Plants
Tritimovirus Wheat streak mosaic virus Plants
Bymovirus Barley yellow mosaic virus Plants
Sadwavirus
Satsuma dwarf virus Plants
Sequiviridae Sequivirus Parsnip yellow fleck virus Plants
Waikavirus Rice tungro spherical virus Plants
Sobemovirus
Southern bean mosaic virus Plants
Tetraviridae Betatetravirus Nudaurelia capensis β virus Invertebrates
Omegatetravirus Nudaurelia capensis ω virus Invertebrates
Tobamovirus
Tobacco mosaic virus Plants
Tobravirus
Tobacco rattle virus Plants
Tombusviridae Tombusvirus Tomato bushy stunt virus Plants
Avenavirus Oat chlorotic stunt virus Plants
Aureusvirus Pothos latent virus Plants
Carmovirus Carnation mottle virus Plants
Dainthovirus Carnation ringspot virus Plants
Machlomovirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus Plants
Necrovirus Tobacco necrosis virus Plants
Panicovirus Panicum mosaic virus Plants
Togaviridae Alphavirus Sindbis virus Vertebrates
Rubivirus Rubella virus Vertebrates

Tymoviridae

Maculavirus Grapevine fleck virus Plants
Marafivirus Maize rayado fino virus Plants
Tymovirus Turnip yellow mosaic virus Plants
Umbravirus
Carrot mottle virus Plants

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Group V: (-)sense RNA Viruses

Order Mononegavirales

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Bornaviridae Bornavirus Borna disease virus Vertebrates
Filoviridae Marburgvirus Lake Victoria marburgvirus Vertebrates
Ebolavirus Zaire ebolavirus Vertebrates
Paramyxoviridae
Paramyxovirinae
Avulavirus Newcastle disease virus Vertebrates
Henipavirus Hendra virus Vertebrates
Morbillivirus Measles virus Vertebrates
Respirovirus Sendai virus Vertebrates
Rubulavirus Mumps virus Vertebrates
Pneumovirinae
 Pneumovirus Human respiratory syncytial virus Vertebrates
Metapneumovirus Avian pneumovirus Vertebrates
Rhabdoviridae Vesiculovirus Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus Vertebrates, Invertebrates
Lyssavirus Rabies virus Vertebrates
Ephemerovirus Bovine ephemeral fever virus Vertebrates, Invertebrates
Novirhabdovirus Infectious haematopoetic necrosis virus Vertebrates
Cytorhabdovirus Lettuce necrotic yellows virus Plants, Invertebrates
Nucleorhabdovirus Potato yellow dwarf virus Plants, Invertebrates
Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Arenaviridae Arenavirus Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Vertebrates
Bunyaviridae Orthobunyavirus Bunyamwera virus Vertebrates
Hantavirus Hantaan virus Vertebrates
Nairovirus Nairobi sheep disease virus Vertebrates
Phlebovirus Sandfly fever Sicilian virus Vertebrates
Tospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus Plants
Deltavirus
Hepatitis delta virus Vertebrates
Ophiovirus
Citrus psorosis virus Plants
Orthomyxoviridae Influenza A virus Influenza A virus Vertebrates
Influenza B virus Influenza B virus Vertebrates
Influenza C virus Influenza C virus Vertebrates
Isavirus Infectious salmon anemia virus Vertebrates
Thogotovirus Thogoto virus Vertebrates
Tenuivirus
Rice stripe virus Plants
Varicosaivirus
Lettuce big-vein associated virus Plants

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Group VI: RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Retroviridae Alpharetrovirus Avian leukosis virus Vertebrates
Betaretrovirus Mouse mammary tumor virus Vertebrates
Gammaretrovirus Murine leukemia virus Vertebrates
Deltaretrovirus Bovine leukemia virus Vertebrates
Epsilonretrovirus Walley dermal sarcoma virus Vertebrates
Lentivirus Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Vertebrates
Spumavirus Human spumavirus Vertebrates
Metaviridae Metavirus Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty3 virus Fungi
Errantivirus Drosophila melanogaster gypsy virus Invertebrates
Pseudoviridae Pseudovirus Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 virus Invertebrates
Hemivirus Drosophila melanogaster copia virus Invertebrates

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Group VII: DNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Hepadnaviridae Orthohepadnavirus Hepatitis B virus Vertebrates
Avihepadnavirus Duck hepatitis B virus Vertebrates
Caulimoviridae Caulimovirus Cauliflower mosaic virus Plants
Badnavirus Commelina yellow mottle virus Plants
Cavemovirus Cassava vein mosaic virus Plants
Petuvirus Petunia vein clearing virus Plants
Soymovirus Soybean chlorotic mottle virus Plants
Tungrovirus Rice tungro bacilliform virus Plants

Subviral Agents: Viroids

Family

(Subfamily)

Genus

Type Species

Hosts

Pospiviroidae Pospiviroid Potato spindle tuber viroid Plants
Hostuviroid Hop stunt viroid Plants
Cocadviroid Coconut cadang-cadang viroid Plants
Apscaviroid Apple scar skin viroid Plants
Coleviroid Coleus blumei viroid 1 Plants
Avsunviroidae Avsunviroidae Avocado sunblotch viroid Plants
Pelamonviroid Peach latent mosaic viroid Plants

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Subviral Agents: Satellites and Prions

Agent Group

Type

Subgroup

Hosts

Satellites Satellite Viruses   Single-Stranded RNA Satellite Viruses Chronic bee-paralysis satellite virus  Invertebrates
Tobacco necrosis satellite virus Plants
Satellite Nucleic Acids Single-Stranded Satellite DNAs Tomato leaf curl virus satellite DNA Plants
Double-Stranded Satellite RNAs Satellite of Saccaromyces cerevisiae M virus Fungi
Single-Stranded Satellite RNAs Large Satellite RNAs Plants
Sma ll Linear Satellite RNAs Plants
Circular Satellite RNAs Plants
Prions Mammalian Prions Scrapie agent Vertebrates
Fungal Prions [URE3] Fungi

 

Group I: ds DNA | Group II: ss DNA | Group III: ds RNA | Group IV: (+)RNA | Group V: (-)RNA | Group VI: RNA-RT | Group VII: DNA-RT | Subviral Agents

© MicrobiologyBytes 2005.